Sir Keir Starmer has outlined the five "missions" he will put at the centre of his party's offer to voters at the next election in a speech in Manchester.
One of his goals will be to make the UK the highest-growth economy in the G7, by the end of Labour's first term in government.
The others include making Britain a "clean energy superpower" and cutting health inequalities.
It comes after Rishi Sunak set out five pledges of his own last month.
Labour says the missions set out by Sir Keir will shape its next election manifesto, and guide the party if it forms the next government.
Momentum, the left-wing Labour campaign group, described his missions as "vapid".
Addressing an audience on Thursday morning, Sir Keir said his "mission-driven government" would "restore our ambition, raise our sights above the quick fixes, the pandering to the noisy crowd, the short-termism that will only ever provide the sticking plaster".
He argued that Britain was held back by "cynicism" and "short-term obsessions".
"We lurch from crisis to crisis, always reacting, always behind the curve," he told supporters.
The Labour leader set out "measurable outcomes" for his five missions which including securing the "highest sustained growth" in the G7 group of rich nations, made up of the UK, US, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, and Japan.
Sir Keir said this growth would be powered by "good jobs and stronger productivity in every party of the country" not just in London.
He also set out plans to make Britain a "superpower" for green energy, with targets for clean energy including the party's already-announced goal of generating all of Britain's electricity without fossil fuels by 2030.
Labour said targets for the other three missions - improving the NHS, reforming the justice system, and raising education standards - will be set out in further speeches over the coming months
The first will happen on Monday, on the economy and include what is described as a 'round table' with some business leaders.
In a continuation of his bid to broaden the party's appeal to voters, Sir Keir said his approach to the economy would be neither "state control" nor "pure free markets".
"I'm not concerned about whether investment or expertise comes from the public or private sector - I just want to get the job done," he said.
Alternative
Labour has a lead of around 20% over the Conservatives in opinion polls, suggesting the party would win the general election which is likely to be held next year.
Sir Keir believes he is now well into the third stage of his approach to being leader of the opposition: he hopes he has, as he sees it, sorted out the Labour Party and proved the government is failing.
Now he is trying to convince people Labour are a viable alternative government.
With a general election perhaps around 18 months ago, the party is still reticent to get into too many specifics about the policies they would pursue if they win power.
Instead, they want to paint a broader picture about how they would govern and to what end.
The idea behind what Sir Keir talks of as "missions" is to give him the spine he can build an election manifesto around.
But his critics, on the left of his own party and within the Conservatives, point out how he has shifted a long way in just a few years.
He has junked a lot of left-wing policies that got him elected as labour leader and is now embracing language you could imagine Tony Blair using.
Strategically, that may be sensible to try to woo former conservative voters, but it leaves him vulnerable to people suggesting it is unclear what he really believes and really stands for.
'Vapid missions'
Momentum attacked Sir Keir for abandoning promises he made when running for Labour leader in 2020 including, introducing common ownership of energy, water and rail.
"These policies are more vital and popular now than ever - yet today, his promises lie in tatters, ditched in favour of the reheated Third-Way Blairism typified by these latest, vapid 'missions'," a spokesman said.
Sir Keir argued that "the vast majority" of Labour members supported him.
At his new year speech last month, Rishi Sunak set out his own five goals for his premiership, which. like those set out by Sir Keir, included growing the economy.
He also promised to halve inflation this year, ensure the UK's debt is falling, cut NHS waiting lists, and pass new laws to stop small boat crossings.
