Countries with largest poor populations exposed to unsafe air pollution

Millions living in extreme poverty are also exposed to unsafe air pollution, creating a double burden that affects health, productivity, and long-term development.

The Democratic Republic of Congo tops the list with 74 million people affected, followed by Tanzania with 22 million and Yemen with 17 million.

Countries like Mozambique, Malawi, Nigeria, Burundi, and Madagascar each have over 10 million poor residents breathing polluted air daily.

Even smaller nations like the Central African Republic and Rwanda face significant exposure. The consequences are severe—air pollution contributes to over 5.7 million deaths annually, more than Tanzania’s entire population.

Beyond mortality, polluted air reduces cognitive function, increases sick days, and lowers economic output.

These figures highlight the urgent need for integrated solutions that address both environmental and social vulnerabilities.

Clean air isn’t just a climate issue—it’s a matter of equity, survival, and dignity for the world’s most disadvantaged communities.