In light of the recent events, I felt it proper to deviate from our usual medical discourse to focus on current issues. I will first highlight the demographics of Gen Z and its impact on politics and economic life and next week we will delve into the Finance Bill, 2024, and aspects of it that relate to healthcare.
Recent demonstrations against the Bill have been notably driven by the country’s Generation Z (Gen Z). This demographic, born between 1997 and 2012, has shown remarkable political activism and digital savviness, leveraging social media platforms to mobilise protests and advocate social change. As Kenya approaches its next election cycle, the influence of Gen Z cannot be ignored. Politicians who continue to overlook this group do so at their peril.
Gen Z comprises approximately 27 per cent of Kenya’s population, translating to around 15 million individuals. This substantial demographic is characterised by their digital nativity, social activism and a strong emphasis on diversity and inclusivity. Unlike previous generations, Gen Z is less likely to be swayed by traditional tribal politics, which has historically shaped Kenya’s political landscape. Instead, they are more focused on issues, such as economic justice, environmental sustainability and social equality .
The recent protests against the Bill exemplify Gen Z’s potential to mobilise and effect change. The proposed law proposed significant tax increases, including doubling VAT on fuel and introducing a mandatory housing levy. These measures were perceived as burdensome, particularly for the economically disadvantaged. Using social media, Gen Z activists shared information, coordinated demonstrations and pressured politicians to reconsider the bill.
Key issues for Gen Z:
Healthcare
Healthcare is a significant concern for Gen Z. The inadequacies in the healthcare system, highlighted during the Covid-19 pandemic, have underscored the need for better healthcare infrastructure and services. Young people are advocating improved access to quality healthcare, affordable medical services and more investment in public health facilities.
Unemployment
Unemployment rates in Kenya are alarmingly high, particularly among the youth. According to recent statistics, the unemployment rate for young people aged 15-24 stands at approximately 39 per cent. This has led to widespread frustration and a sense of disenfranchisement among the younger population. The government’s efforts to introduce taxes on digital spaces, which many young people rely on for income, such as through digital content creation and online businesses, have been met with strong opposition.
Digital economy
The digital economy is crucial for Gen Z, who are deeply embedded in the digital space. The proposed taxes on digital services and income from digital platforms have sparked significant backlash, as these platforms are a major source of livelihood for many. The government’s attempts to tax this space are seen as hindering their economic opportunities and stifling innovation and entrepreneurship in the digital sector.
Education and skills development
Access to quality education and opportunities for skills development are paramount for Gen Z. They advocate for reforms that will provide more practical and job-oriented training to help bridge the gap between education and employment. The emphasis is on creating a more inclusive education system that prepares young people for the challenges of the modern workforce.
Climate change and environmental sustainability
Environmental issues are also a priority for Gen Z. The generation’s awareness of climate change and the need for sustainable practices is high. They are pushing for policies that address environmental degradation, promote renewable energy and ensure sustainable development. This includes holding corporations and the government accountable for their environmental impact.
Implications for future elections
As Kenya heads towards its next election, the political influence of Gen Z is poised to grow. This generation’s ability to organise and mobilise around issues rather than tribal affiliations suggests a potential shift in the political dynamics of the country. If Gen Z votes as a bloc, prioritising candidates and policies that address their concerns, they could significantly alter the electoral landscape.
Politicians must recognise that ignoring Gen Z’s demands and perspectives could lead to significant political fallout. This demographic’s emphasis on transparency, accountability and social justice means that candidates who fail to address these issues may find themselves at a disadvantage. Moreover, their digital proficiency enables them to disseminate information rapidly, hold politicians accountable and mobilise support or opposition effectively.
A warning to political leaders and planners
For Kenya’s political leaders, the message is clear: engaging with Gen Z is not optional. This generation’s priorities and values will shape the future of the country. Politicians must adapt to this new reality by addressing the issues that matter most to them, such as economic opportunities, environmental sustainability and social justice. Failing to do so could result in a political shift that sees traditional power bases eroded in favour of a more issue-focused and progressive electorate.
Orthopaedic surgeon and a 2024 Global Surgery Advocacy Fellow