Perspectives of the labour movement in the world’s factory

May 1st, commonly known as Labour Day or International Workers' Day, marks the historic struggles and achievements of the labour movement globally. It serves as a reminder to honour the contributions of workers to society and to advocate for their rights, social justice, and economic equality.

Labour Day holds significant historical and cultural importance in China, and carries profound symbolism, reflecting the nation's journey towards workers' rights, social justice, and economic progress.

On Tuesday, Chinese President Xi Jinping urged the working people to actively participate in advancing Chinese modernization with high-quality development and work tirelessly to promote the building of a strong country and the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation on all fronts. He appealed on the government as a whole to earnestly realise, safeguard and develop the legitimate rights and interests of workers and encourage the working people to realise their dreams through their work.

The significance of Labour Day in China can be traced back to the early 20th century when the country was undergoing significant social and political transformation. During this period, labour exploitation was rampant, with workers enduring long hours, low wages, and harsh working conditions. Inspired by the struggles of workers worldwide, Chinese labor activists began advocating for better rights and protections for workers.

The May Fourth Movement of 1919, although not directly related to Labor Day, marked a turning point in Chinese history. It was a cultural and intellectual awakening that challenged traditional values and called for social reform, including the rights of workers. This movement laid the groundwork for future labour movements in the country and helped galvanise support for workers' rights.

The Communist Party of China (CPC), founded in 1921, played a crucial role in championing the cause of the working class. Under the leadership of Mao Zedong, the CPC emphasised the importance of labour in building a socialist society. Labour Day became an occasion for the party to demonstrate solidarity with workers and reaffirm its commitment to their welfare.

Following the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949, Labour Day was officially recognised as a public holiday. The government introduced labour laws and regulations aimed at protecting workers' rights, ensuring fair wages, and improving working conditions. May 1st became a day to celebrate the contributions of workers to the nation's development and to reiterate the government's support for their well-being.

During the Maoist era, Labour Day took on added significance as a showcase of the socialist system's achievements. Mass rallies and parades were organised across the country, highlighting the collective spirit of the working class and the achievements of socialist construction. The emphasis on labour also served ideological purposes, reinforcing the idea of the proletariat as the vanguard of the revolution.

Stephen Ndegwa is the Executive Director of South-South Dialogues, a Nairobi-based communications development think tank, and a PhD student at the United States International University-Africa

However, it was during the period of economic reform and opening up, starting in the late 1970s, that the significance of Labour Day in China underwent a transformation. As the country embraced market-oriented reforms, the role of labour in the economy evolved, with a shift towards a more diversified and dynamic labour market.

Labour Day in contemporary China reflects this evolving landscape. While the government continues to emphasise the importance of workers' rights and welfare, the focus has also expanded to include issues such as employment opportunities, skills development, and social security. In recent years, there has been a growing emphasis on innovation and entrepreneurship, with Labour Day celebrations featuring events promoting creativity and innovation in the workplace.

Moreover, China's rapid economic growth has transformed its role in the global economy, making it the world's second-largest economy. As such, Labour Day has also taken on international significance, with China using the occasion to reaffirm its commitment to multilateralism and cooperation on labour issues. Initiatives such as the Belt and Road Initiative include provisions for enhancing labour rights and promoting decent work along the routes of infrastructure development.

Labour Day holds significant historical and cultural importance in China as a day to celebrate the contributions of workers and to reaffirm the government's commitment to their well-being.

From its origins in the early 20th century labour movement to its role in contemporary China's economic and social development, Labour Day reflects the country's journey towards building a more equitable and prosperous society.