• Elizabeth Warren and Bernie Sanders called for US forces to be withdrawn from the Middle East.
• The non-aggression pact between the two candidates could be over just as the voting is set to begin.
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There have been seven official Democratic debates but this one had a real sense of urgency - in less than three weeks the candidates will face their first test.
The primary season begins on 3 February with the Iowa caucuses, when the Democratic voters in this state will pick who they want to take on Donald Trump in November.
As the six White House hopefuls took to the debate stage in Des Moines, the Republican US president they have in their sights was mocking them at a rally 400 miles east in Wisconsin.
Here are some key moments from the debate - and the Trump rally.
What was the biggest moment?
The body language between Elizabeth Warren and Bernie Sanders at the conclusion of the debate - when they spoke heatedly and did not shake hands - told its own story.
The non-aggression pact between the two candidates could be over just as the voting is set to begin.
The biggest news story in campaign politics over the past few days had been the growing tensions between the two most liberal candidates.
Warren had alleged that Sanders told her in December 2018 that a woman couldn't win the presidency - something Sanders denied.
Asked about this during the debate, Sanders denied it again - saying he has long supported the idea of a woman president.
Then Warren had her turn, and in a set-piece response she clearly spent time crafting, she hit a number of political targets almost in one breath.
She started by essentially implying that Sanders was lying. She then pivoted her response into a shout-out for the electoral success that she and Amy Klobuchar, the other woman candidate on the stage, have had. They've won every election they've been in, she said to thunderous applause, while the three male politicians debating have lost 10 between them.
She ended by pitching herself as the unity candidate with a broad coalition.
"The real danger we face as Democrats is picking a candidate who can't pull a party together or someone who takes for granted big parts of the constituency," she said. "We need to excite all parts of the party, bring everyone in and give everyone a Democrat to believe in."
Given that Sanders has been criticised for being too divisive, Pete Buttigieg for not being able to draw significant minority support, and Biden for a lack of enthusiastic support, it was a roundhouse kick at the three candidates vying with her at the top of the polls.
What issue divided the candidates?
Due to the last week's Iran crisis, foreign policy for the first time opened the debate - and the candidates fell into two broad categories.
Elizabeth Warren and Bernie Sanders called for US forces to be withdrawn from the Middle East.
Warren said that US generals had been saying for years that the US was "turning a corner" in the Middle East and Afghanistan, but they could never detail exactly how and when the US could get out.
"We've turned the corner so many times we're going in circles in these regions," she quipped, before saying that the US had to stop asking the US military to solve problems that could not be addressed militarily.