Kenya School of Law, CLE cash woes: Fee hikes loom for aspiring lawyers

A looming fee increase threatens to make legal education further out of reach for many aspiring lawyers.

This follows severe cash-flow shortfalls at the Kenya School of Law (KSL) and the Council of Legal Education (CLE).

A new report reveals that budget cuts and mismanagement have left the institutions with no choice but to pass the burden to students in a move that could potentially lock out thousands from the legal profession.

The crisis stems from the government’s withdrawal of funding, leaving KSL and CLE reliant on student fees to stay afloat.

The CLE, which administers the Advocates Training Programme (ATP) exams, saw its budget slashed by Sh202 million in 2024, forcing it to consider hiking examination fees.

“The committee recommends that the council of legal education consider increasing the examination fees,” the committee, chaired by Christine Agimba, said.

“CLE should consider increasing fees for the services offered in its regulatory mandate,” the report submitted to Attorney General Dorcas Oduor reads.

Meanwhile, KSL, which provides legal training as an agent of the government, has already scrapped its tuition loan programme due to funding cuts, leaving financially strained students with no safety net.

The KSL derives its revenues primarily from the fees paid by students for various academic courses, training and consultancies provided by the professional development department and services offered by its hospitality and conferencing facilities.

The report warns that without urgent intervention, fees for the ATP, already at Sh145,000 for tuition and Sh45,000 for exams, could skyrocket.

Worse, resit and remark fees (currently Sh10,000 and Sh15,000 per paper, respectively) may also rise, punishing students who fail even a single subject in the notoriously tough bar exams.

“The committee recommends that KSL consider increasing the ATP fees, offer more courses, hospitality services, and admitting more foreign students to boost revenue.”

For many, the proposed increases are a final blow in a system, which has already locked out hundreds of students.

Law graduates who entered university through diploma pathways—often from poorer backgrounds—already face arbitrary KCSE grade barriers under the KSL Act.

According to the working committee report, even those who qualify may be priced out of the profession.

The institutions argue they have no choice amid the budget cuts running into hundreds of millions of shillings and no sign of resumption of state bailouts.

The damning report by legal education experts has further laid bare systemic failures at the Kenya School of Law (KSL) and the Council of Legal Education (CLE).

The report exposes a crisis marked by conflicting laws, financial mismanagement, and exclusionary policies that have left thousands of law graduates in limbo.

The government-appointed working committee painted an institution in disarray amid bureaucratic red tape and legal contradictions, which pose a threat to the dreams of aspiring advocates.

At the heart of the crisis is a glaring conflict between the Kenya School of Law Act and the Legal Education Act, which set different admission rules for the Advocates Training Programme (ATP).

While the KSL Act imposes strict secondary school grade requirements, the CLE has tried—and failed—to introduce more flexible pathways, including recognising diplomas and prior degrees.

Court battles have ensued, with judges repeatedly striking down CLE regulations for overstepping the KSL Act’s framework.

This means a generation of law graduates, many from disadvantaged backgrounds, risk being locked out of the profession simply because they took alternative academic routes.

KSL’s tuition loan scheme collapsed due to funding cuts, leaving needy students stranded.

Examinations, already a source of frustration due to high failure rates and opaque grading, now face cancellation risks as the CLE struggles to cover basic costs.

The experts warn that without urgent government intervention, the quality of legal training will continue to decline, producing underprepared advocates.

The examination system has also been put under scrutiny in the review.

The team was briefed on students' complaints of arbitrary grading, inaccessible past papers, and an oral exam process with no clear guidelines.

While the CLE insists its practices match global standards, the report calls for sweeping reforms, including clearer regulations and curriculum updates to align teaching with testing.

Yet, even as the committee pushes for modernisation, including the introduction of online exams, the push could leave students to navigate a system still riddled with inefficiencies.

The task force has further proposed amendments to extend eligibility to all East African Community citizens, which have been derailed by legal challenges.